Preparing for your abdominal ultrasound

Quick reference

What is an abdominal ultrasound

An abdominal ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of organs in the abdomen. These include the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas and kidneys. The scan does not use radiation and is widely considered safe. A handheld probe is moved gently over your abdomen to produce the images.

Why might it be requested

Your doctor or clinician may request an abdominal ultrasound for many reasons, including abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, abnormal liver or kidney blood results, to assess the size or appearance of abdominal organs, or to investigate other symptoms. The reason for your referral is a matter for you and your clinician to discuss.

How should I prepare

General guidance: for most abdominal ultrasound scans, you will be asked to fast - that is, to avoid eating and drinking (except plain water) - for approximately 4 to 6 hours before the appointment. This helps reduce gas in the bowel, which can otherwise block the ultrasound view of organs such as the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. However, preparation requirements can vary. Some clinics have specific timings or allow plain water while others do not. Always follow the instructions given by your clinic or hospital, as these take priority over general guidance.

What should I wear

Wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing that allows easy access to your abdomen. You may be asked to change into a gown or lift your top. Avoid one-piece clothing such as dresses or jumpsuits if possible, as these can be more difficult to manage.

What happens during the scan

You will lie on a couch or examination table. The sonographer (the healthcare professional who performs the scan) will apply a clear, water-based gel to the skin over your abdomen. This gel helps the probe make contact with your skin and transmit the sound waves effectively. The probe is then moved gently over your abdomen in different directions to create images of the organs being assessed. You may be asked to hold your breath briefly at certain points. The scan is generally painless.

Will it hurt

An abdominal ultrasound should not be painful. You may feel some gentle pressure as the probe is moved across your skin. If the area is already tender or sore, the pressure may cause some discomfort - let the sonographer know immediately if you experience significant pain.

How long does it take

Most abdominal ultrasound appointments take approximately 20 to 30 minutes in total, though this varies depending on the complexity of the scan and the individual department.

When will I get results

The sonographer will usually complete the scan and prepare images and notes for a report. The report is then sent to the clinician who requested your scan - your GP, consultant or referring doctor. They will discuss the findings with you at a follow-up appointment or by letter or phone. If you have questions about when you will receive your results, contact the clinic or your referring doctor directly.

When should I contact the clinic

Contact your clinic or imaging centre if: you are unsure about your preparation instructions; you need to rearrange your appointment; you have questions about what the scan involves; you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant. If you have a change in symptoms between making the appointment and the date of the scan, speak to the clinician who referred you.

Always follow your clinic specific instructions. The information here is general guidance only. Your clinic may have different requirements.

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